A335P11 alloy tube

P11 alloy steel pipe is placed in the metal blank cold extrusion die cavity, at room temperature, through the press fixed punch pressure is applied to the blank, processing method to produce plastic deformation of P11 alloy steel pipe made of parts.

【1】挤压P11合金钢管尺寸准确表面光洁：目前我国研制的P11合金钢管一般尺寸精度可达8～9

[1] extruded P11 alloy steel pipe size accurate smooth surface: at present our country in the development of P11 alloy steel pipe generally size precision can reach 8 ~ 9

级，陇度一般可达，若采用理想的润滑可达(指纯铝和紫铜零件)，仅次于精抛光表面。因此用P11合金钢管方法制造的零件，一般不需要再加工，少量的只需精加工(磨削)。

Level, long degrees generally reach, if the lubrication can reach by ideal (refers to pure aluminum and copper parts), second only to the polishing surface. Therefore made of P11 alloy steel pipe method of parts, generally do not need to re processing, a small amount of just finishing (grinding).

【2】节约原材料：P11合金钢管材料利用率通常可以达到80%以上。如解放牌汽车活塞销动切削加工材料利用率为43.3%，而用冷挤压时材料利用率提高到92%；又如万向节轴承套改用冷挤压后，材料利用率由过去的27.8%提高到64%。可见，采用冷挤压方法生产机械零件，可以节约大量钢材和有色金属材料。

[2] to save raw materials: P11 alloy steel material utilization rate is usually can reach more than 80%. Such as Jiefang automobile piston pin dynamic cutting material utilization rate is 43.3%, while the use of cold extrusion material utilization rate increased to 92%; and as the universal joint bearing sleeve to cold extrusion, the material utilization rate increased from 27.8% to 64% in the past. Visible, by cold extrusion method for producing machine parts, and can save a lot of steel and non-ferrous metal materials.

【3】生产率高：用冷挤压P11合金钢管方法生产机械零件的效率是非常高的，特别是生产批量大的零件，用冷挤压P11合金钢管方法生产可比切削加工提高几倍、几十倍、甚至几百倍。例如，汽车活塞销用冷挤压方法比用切削加工制造提高3.2倍，当前又用冷挤压活塞销自动机，使生产率进一步提高。一台冷挤压自动机的生产率相当于100台普通车床或10台四轴自动车床的生产率。

[3] high productivity: the efficiency of extrusion production machinery parts P11 alloy steel pipe by the method of cold is very high, especially the mass production of parts with cold extrusion steel tube production method, P11 alloy than cutting increased several times, dozens of times, even hundreds of times. For example, automobile piston pin cold extrusion method for manufacturing improved 3.2 times than by cutting, with current and piston pin cold extrusion automata, to further improve productivity. The productivity of a cold extrusion automata productivity is equivalent to 100 ordinary lathe or 10 sets of four spindle automatic lathe.

【4】可加工形状复杂的零件：如异形截面、内齿、异形孔及盲孔等，这些P11合金钢管采用其它加工法难以完成，用冷挤压加工却十分方便。所示的零件，能方便的挤出。

[4] can process the complex shape parts: such as profiled, inner gear, profiled hole and blind hole, the P11 alloy steel pipe is used in other processing method is difficult to finish, with cold extrusion processing is very convenient. As shown in the parts, convenient extrusion.

【5】冷挤压P11合金钢管强度高、刚性好而重量轻：由于冷挤压采用金属材料冷变形的冷作强化特性，即挤压过程中金属毛坯处于三向压应力状态，变形后材料组织致密、且具有连续的纤维流向，因而制件的强度有较大提高。这样就可用低强度材料代替高强度材料。例如过去采用20Cr钢经切削加工制造解放牌活塞销，现改用20号钢经冷挤压制造活塞销，经性能测定各项指标，冷挤压P11合金钢管法高于切削加工法制造活塞销。

[5] the cold extrusion of P11 alloy steel high strength, good rigidity and light weight: because the cold extrusion adopts metal material cold deformation hardening of cold extrusion characteristics, namely the metal blank in three to the compressive stress state, the deformed materials, and has dense microstructure fiber flow continuous, so the parts strength greatly to improve the. So that it can use low strength material instead of high strength materials. For example, in the past 20Cr steel by machining manufacturing Jiefang piston pin, now changed to 20 steel by manufacturing piston pin cold extrusion, the determination of the indexes of performance, higher than the machining method of manufacturing piston pin cold extrusion of P11 alloy steel tube method.

结论

Conclusion

各种加工方法比较，具有突出的优越性 冷挤压P11合金钢管技术与目。这就为冷挤压代替切削加工、锻造、铸造和拉深工艺来制造机器零件，开辟了一条广阔的道路。

Comparison of various processing methods, has outstanding advantages in cold extrusion of P11 alloy steel pipe technology and project. It is cold extrusion machining, forging, instead of casting and drawing process to produce machine parts, has opened up a broad road.

1. 无缝钢管

The 1 seamless steel tube

因其制造工艺不同，又分为热轧（挤压）无缝钢管和冷拔（轧）无缝钢管两种。冷拔（轧）管又分为圆形管和异形管两种。

Because of the different manufacturing processes, divided into hot-rolled (extrusion) seamless steel pipe seamless steel pipe cold drawing (rolling) and two. Cold drawing (rolling) tube is divided into a circular tube shaped tube two.

a． 工艺流程概述

Overview of A. process

热轧（挤压无缝钢管）：圆管坯→加热→穿孔→三辊斜轧、连轧或挤压→脱管→定径（或减径）→冷却→坯管→矫直→水压试验（或探伤）→标记→入库。

Hot-rolled (extrusion seamless pipe): billet, heating, perforation, three roll cross rolling, rolling or extrusion, tube off, sizing pipe (or reducing), cooling, the blank pipe, straightening, water pressure test (or testing), marking, storage.

冷拔（轧）无缝钢管：圆圆管坯→加热→穿孔→打头→退火→酸洗→涂油（镀铜）→多道次冷拔（冷轧）→坯管→热处理→矫直→水压试验（探伤）→标记→入库。

Cold drawing (rolling) seamless steel pipe: round tube billet, heating, perforation, heading, annealing, pickling, oiling (copper) and multi pass drawing (Leng Zha), the blank pipe, heat treatment, straightening, water pressure test (testing), marking, storage.

b．无缝钢管，因其用途不同而分为如下若干品种：

B. seamless steel tube, because of their different purposes is divided into the following several varieties:

GB/T8162-2008（结构用无缝钢管）。主要用于一般结构和机械结构。其代表材质（牌号）：碳素钢20、45号钢；合金钢Q345、20Cr、40Cr、20CrMo、30-35CrMo、42CrMo等。

GB/T8162-2008 (seamless steel tube structure). Mainly used for general structure and mechanical structure. The representative of material (grade): carbon steel 20, 45 steel; alloy steel Q345, 20Cr, 40Cr, 20CrMo, 30-35CrMo, 42CrMo etc..

GB/T8163-2008（输送流体用无缝钢管）。主要用于工程及大型设备上输送流体管道。代表材质（牌号）为20、Q345等。

GB/T8163-2008 (fluid with seamless steel pipe). Mainly used for conveying fluid pipeline engineering and large equipment. Representative of material (grade) 20, Q345.

GB3087-2008（低中压锅炉用无缝钢管）。主要用于工业锅炉及生活锅炉输送低中压流体的管道。代表材质为10、20号钢。

GB3087-2008 (seamless steel tubes for low and medium pressure boiler). Mainly used for industrial boilers and boiler life conveying low pressure fluid pipeline. The representative material for 10, 20 steel.

GB5310-2008（高压锅炉用无缝钢管）。主要用于电站及核电站锅炉上耐高温、高压的输送流体集箱及管道。代表材质为20G、12Cr1MoVG、15CrMoG等。

GB5310-2008 (high pressure boiler seamless pipe). Mainly used in power stations and nuclear power plant boiler high temperature, high pressure fluid delivery set box and pipe. Representative of 20G, 12Cr1MoVG, 15CrMoG etc..

GB5312-1999（船舶用碳钢和碳锰钢无缝钢管）。主要用于船舶锅炉及过热器用I、II级耐压管等。代表材质为360、410、460钢级等。

GB5312-1999 (carbon steel and carbon manganese steel seamless steel tube for ship). Mainly used for ship boiler and Superheater I, II grade pressure pipe, etc.. The representative material for 360, 410, 460 grade steel etc..

GB6479-2000（高压化肥设备用无缝钢管）。主要用于化肥设备上输送高温高压流体管道。代表材质为20、16Mn、12CrMo、12Cr2Mo等。

GB6479-2000 (seamless steel tubes for high-pressure chemical fertilizer equipment). Mainly used for conveying fluid of high temperature and high pressure pipeline of chemical fertilizer equipment. Representative of the material is 20, 16Mn, 12CrMo, 12Cr2Mo etc..

GB9948-2006（石油裂化用无缝钢管）。主要用于石油冶炼厂的锅炉、热交换器及其输送流体管道。其代表材质为20、12CrMo、1Cr5Mo、1Cr19Ni11Nb等。

GB9948-2006 (seamless steel tubes for petroleum cracking). Mainly used for boiler, oil refinery heat exchanger and pipes conveying fluid. The representative material for 20, 12CrMo, 1Cr5Mo, 1Cr19Ni11Nb etc..

GB18248-2000（气瓶用无缝钢管）。主要用于制作各种燃气、液压气瓶。其代表材质为37Mn、34Mn2V、35CrMo等。

GB18248-2000 (seamless steel tubes for gas cylinders). Mainly used for the production of gas, hydraulic cylinders. The representative of 37Mn, 34Mn2V, 35CrMo etc..

GB/T17396-1998（液压支柱用热轧无缝钢管）。主要用于制作煤矿液压支架和缸、柱，以及其它液压缸、柱。其代表材质为20、45、27SiMn等。

GB/T17396-1998 (hot rolled seamless steel tubes for hydraulic prop). Mainly used in production of coal mine hydraulic support cylinder, column, and other hydraulic cylinder, column. The representative material for 20, 45, 27SiMn.

GB3093-1986（柴油机用高压无缝钢管）。主要用于柴油机喷射系统高压油管。其钢管一般为冷拔管，其代表材质为20A。

GB3093-1986 (high pressure seamless steel tubes for diesel engine). Mainly used for diesel engine high pressure oil injection system. The steel pipe is generally drawn tube, the representative of 20A.

GB/T3639-1983（冷拔或冷轧精密无缝钢管）。主要用于机械结构、碳压设备用的、要求尺寸精度高、表面光洁度

GB/T3639-1983 (cold drawn or cold rolled precision seamless steel tube). Mainly used for mechanical structure, carbon pressure equipment used, the requirements of high dimensional accuracy, surface finish